It is said that fresco painting is the logical link between architecture and decoration. With earliest known examples from over 40,000 ago, fresco painting is the most practiced method of painting present in every culture and utilized by every known civilization for decorating of the most treasured environments, palaces, public places. It is a “Primal Graffiti” of our ancestors (wall paintings in Neolithic limestone caves) that have evolved into the Grand medium of the Empires and Nations. Recently cleaned frescoes by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel are great example of the permanence of the medium.įresco painting is a direct product of the desire of our species to communicate by visual means when the “words are not enough or do not yet exist” and a desire to “leave a mark”. The aged crumbling look of old frescoes is a result of the damage to the wall surface, not the painting failure. It is also most permanent method of painting which will not fade, flake off, etc. This fact makes fresco the only pure, “organic” or “green” method of painting – no solvents, glues or man-made (synthetic) materials are used. Painting in Fresco results in a painting being a part of the newly formed stone/wall rather than being a “film on a surface”. Paints prepared from natural pigments made of minerals, earth oxides and clays and mixed with water. Calcium Hydrate – moist lime stone walls of the caves at first and plastered walls and ceilings of the buildings later. Those elements naturally surround people from the beginning of time. It is like “Painting with molten Marble”. The pigment gets trapped within the newly formed calcite crystal. In it’s essence, fresco or fresco painting is an – application of natural mineral pigments to a surface on which a following chemical reaction takes place:Ĭa(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)Ĭalcium Hydrate (burned lime stone or marble mixed with water also called calcium hydroxide) combined with carbon dioxide resulting in the formation of Calcium Carbonate – lime stone, marble. Technically speaking the plaster does not “dry” but rather a chemical reaction occurs in which calcium carbonate is formed as a result of carbon dioxide from the air combining with the calcium hydrate in the wet plaster. When it dries and hardens, the colors become one with plaster. The colors can thus be absorbed by the wet plaster. – buon fresco) the artist must start applying his colors on the wet (or fresco) intonaco as soon as it has been prepared and laid on the wall. As both dry they become completely integrated. Painting done on freshly laid wet plaster with pigments dissolved in lime water. Today, while the traditional fresco technique is still practiced, artists may also employ contemporary variations and adaptations of the process.Affresco ( In English usage, “fresco” ), Buon Fresco (true fresco). It has been used to create monumental wall paintings, decorative murals, and religious art throughout history. Due to the technical challenges involved, fresco painting is often planned meticulously beforehand, with detailed preliminary drawings known as 'cartoons' or 'sinopie.'įresco painting allows for a unique luminosity and a distinctive matte finish. This results in a vibrant and long-lasting painting.įresco painting requires a skilled and efficient approach since the artist must work swiftly before the plaster dries. As the pigments combine with the wet plaster, a chemical reaction occurs, causing the pigments to become embedded and bond with the surface. The artist then applies pigments mixed with water directly onto the wet intonaco. Each layer is applied while wet, with the final layer being the fresco intonaco, which is the thin layer of plaster onto which the pigments will be applied. To create a fresco painting, the artist typically prepares the wall by applying a series of plaster layers onto a surface, such as a wall or a panel. It is particularly associated with the art of ancient civilizations, such as the frescoes found in Pompeii and Herculaneum, as well as with the Italian Renaissance, where artists like Michelangelo and Raphael employed the technique. As the plaster dries and hardens, the pigments become an integral part of the wall or surface, creating a durable and long-lasting artwork.įresco painting has a long history and has been used in various cultures throughout the centuries. Painting in wet plaster is commonly referred to as 'fresco painting.' Fresco is a painting technique that involves applying pigments onto wet or freshly laid lime plaster.
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